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  "title": "Mezuzah",
  "summary": "A parchment scroll of the Shema affixed to the doorpost, fulfilling the command to write God’s words “on the doorposts of your house.”",
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    "article": {
      "slug": "essentials-essential-judaica-mezuzah",
      "title": "Mezuzah",
      "deck": "A parchment scroll of the Shema affixed to the doorpost, fulfilling the command to write God’s words “on the doorposts of your house.”",
      "summary": "Summary. The mezuzah is a small parchment scroll (klaf) containing the first two paragraphs of the Shema (Devarim 6:4–9, 11:13–21), affixed to the doorposts of a Jewish home. The text is from the V’ahavta itself, which commands “u’ch’tavtam al mezuzot beitecha u’vish’arecha — and you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates” (Devarim 6:9). The klaf is placed in a decorative case and affixed to the right doorpost as one enters, at an angle in Ashkenazi custom (vertically in Sephardic custom).",
      "level": "essential",
      "sectionSlug": "essentials",
      "tags": [
        "mezuzah",
        "home",
        "judaica"
      ],
      "publishedAt": "2026-07-06T02:19:03.001Z",
      "wordCount": 518,
      "readMinutes": 2
    },
    "section": {
      "slug": "jewish-living",
      "title": "Jewish Living"
    },
    "image": null,
    "blocks": [
      {
        "type": "summary",
        "body": "Summary. The [mezuzah](/glossary.json#letter-M) is a small parchment scroll ([klaf](/glossary.json#letter-K)) containing the first two paragraphs of the [Shema](/glossary.json#letter-S) ([Devarim 6:4–9](https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.6.4-9), 11:13–21), affixed to the doorposts of a Jewish home. The text is from the [V’ahavta](/glossary.json#letter-V) itself, which commands “u’ch’tavtam al mezuzot beitecha u’vish’arecha — and you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates” ([Devarim 6:9](https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.6.9)). The klaf is placed in a decorative case and affixed to the right doorpost as one enters, at an angle in [Ashkenazi](/glossary.json#letter-A) custom (vertically in [Sephardi](/glossary.json#letter-S)c custom).",
        "text": "Summary. The mezuzah is a small parchment scroll (klaf) containing the first two paragraphs of the Shema (Devarim 6:4–9, 11:13–21), affixed to the doorposts of a Jewish home. The text is from the V’ahavta itself, which commands “u’ch’tavtam al mezuzot beitecha u’vish’arecha — and you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates” (Devarim 6:9). The klaf is placed in a decorative case and affixed to the right doorpost as one enters, at an angle in Ashkenazi custom (vertically in Sephardic custom)."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "What Goes Inside",
        "text": "What Goes Inside"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "The parchment must be [kosher](/glossary.json#letter-K) — that is, hand-written by a [sofer](/glossary.json#letter-S) on parchment from a kosher animal, in [stam](/glossary.json#letter-S) script (the same script as [Torah](/glossary.json#letter-T) scrolls and [tefillin](/glossary.json#letter-T)). The text comprises the V’ahavta ([Devarim](/glossary.json#letter-D) 6:4–9) and [V’haya im shamoa](/glossary.json#letter-V) ([Devarim 11:13–21](https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.11.13-21)). Cheap printed-paper imitations are not kosher and do not fulfill the [mitzvah](/glossary.json#letter-M). A kosher mezuzah scroll in 2026 costs $35–$150 depending on size and quality; large or particularly elegant scrolls can cost more.",
        "text": "The parchment must be kosher — that is, hand-written by a sofer on parchment from a kosher animal, in stam script (the same script as Torah scrolls and tefillin). The text comprises the V’ahavta (Devarim 6:4–9) and V’haya im shamoa (Devarim 11:13–21). Cheap printed-paper imitations are not kosher and do not fulfill the mitzvah. A kosher mezuzah scroll in 2026 costs $35–$150 depending on size and quality; large or particularly elegant scrolls can cost more."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "Where to Affix It",
        "text": "Where to Affix It"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "On the right doorpost as one enters, in the upper third of the doorpost (often roughly at shoulder height). Every door requires a mezuzah except bathrooms, very small rooms (less than 4 cubits × 4 cubits, roughly 6 feet × 6 feet), and certain specialized rooms. The front door is the priority for a new mezuzah; other doors can follow.",
        "text": "On the right doorpost as one enters, in the upper third of the doorpost (often roughly at shoulder height). Every door requires a mezuzah except bathrooms, very small rooms (less than 4 cubits × 4 cubits, roughly 6 feet × 6 feet), and certain specialized rooms. The front door is the priority for a new mezuzah; other doors can follow."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "Ashkenazi vs. Sephardi Placement",
        "text": "Ashkenazi vs. Sephardi Placement"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Ashkenazi custom (following the [Tur](/glossary.json#letter-T)) is to affix the mezuzah at an angle, with the top toward the inside of the room — a compromise between [Rashi](/glossary.json#letter-R) (who held it should be vertical) and [Rabbeinu Tam](/glossary.json#letter-R) (who held horizontal). Sephardi custom is to affix vertically, following Rashi’s view as ruled by [Rabbi Yosef Karo](/glossary.json#letter-Y) in the [Shulchan Aruch](/glossary.json#letter-S).",
        "text": "Ashkenazi custom (following the Tur) is to affix the mezuzah at an angle, with the top toward the inside of the room — a compromise between Rashi (who held it should be vertical) and Rabbeinu Tam (who held horizontal). Sephardi custom is to affix vertically, following Rashi’s view as ruled by Rabbi Yosef Karo in the Shulchan Aruch."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "The Blessing on Affixing",
        "text": "The Blessing on Affixing"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "When affixing a new mezuzah: Baruch atah [Adonai](/glossary.json#letter-A), [Eloheinu](/glossary.json#letter-E) Melech haolam, asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu likboa mezuzah. (“Blessed are You, [Hashem](/glossary.json#letter-H) our God, Sovereign of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to affix a mezuzah.”) Multiple mezuzot can be affixed with a single blessing, provided one had them all in mind.",
        "text": "When affixing a new mezuzah: Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech haolam, asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu likboa mezuzah. (“Blessed are You, Hashem our God, Sovereign of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to affix a mezuzah.”) Multiple mezuzot can be affixed with a single blessing, provided one had them all in mind."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "Inspection",
        "text": "Inspection"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Mezuzot should be inspected periodically — twice in seven years according to the [Shulchan Aruch](/glossary.json#letter-S) ([Yoreh De’ah 291:1](https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh,_Yoreh_De'ah.291.1)) — to confirm that the parchment has not been damaged. A sofer can inspect them; many communities organize community-wide inspections.",
        "text": "Mezuzot should be inspected periodically — twice in seven years according to the Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De’ah 291:1) — to confirm that the parchment has not been damaged. A sofer can inspect them; many communities organize community-wide inspections."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "Where Denominations Diverge",
        "text": "Where Denominations Diverge"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Universal across all denominations; the mezuzah is one of the most widely observed Jewish practices, even among otherwise non-observant Jews. [Reform Judaism](/glossary.json#letter-R) considers an inkjet-printed scroll acceptable (a position not shared by [Orthodox](/glossary.json#letter-O) or Conservative). [Hasidic](/glossary.json#letter-H) and Sephardic communities sometimes affix mezuzot on internal doors more universally than [Modern Orthodox](/glossary.json#letter-M) American practice does.",
        "text": "Universal across all denominations; the mezuzah is one of the most widely observed Jewish practices, even among otherwise non-observant Jews. Reform Judaism considers an inkjet-printed scroll acceptable (a position not shared by Orthodox or Conservative). Hasidic and Sephardic communities sometimes affix mezuzot on internal doors more universally than Modern Orthodox American practice does."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "Sources",
        "text": "Sources"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Torah: Devarim 6:9; [11:20](https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.11.20).",
        "text": "Torah: Devarim 6:9; 11:20."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "[Mishnah Menachot 3:7](https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Menachot.3.7); [Talmud](/glossary.json#letter-T) Bavli, [Menachot 32a–34a](https://www.sefaria.org/Menachot.32a-34a).",
        "text": "Mishnah Menachot 3:7; Talmud Bavli, Menachot 32a–34a."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Rambam, [Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Mezuzah](https://www.sefaria.org/Mishneh_Torah,_Tefillin,_Mezuzah_and_the_Torah_Scroll).",
        "text": "Rambam, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Mezuzah."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "[Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De’ah 285–291](https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh,_Yoreh_De'ah.285-291).",
        "text": "Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De’ah 285–291."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "[16 Mezuzah Facts Every Jew Should Know](https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/4444490/jewish/16-Mezuzah-Facts-Every-Jew-Should-Know.htm) — Chabad.org.",
        "text": "16 Mezuzah Facts Every Jew Should Know — Chabad.org."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "[Mezuzah: Prayer, Placement & Meaning](https://aish.com/mezuzah-prayer-placement-meaning/) — Aish.",
        "text": "Mezuzah: Prayer, Placement & Meaning — Aish."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "[Why Is the Mezuzah Slanted?](https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1183722/jewish/Why-Is-the-Mezuzah-Slanted.htm) — Chabad.org.",
        "text": "Why Is the Mezuzah Slanted? — Chabad.org."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "[Mezuzah: Prayer, Placement & Meaning](https://aish.com/mezuzah-prayer-placement-meaning/) — Aish.",
        "text": "Mezuzah: Prayer, Placement & Meaning — Aish."
      },
      {
        "type": "heading",
        "body": "Further Reading",
        "text": "Further Reading"
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Rabbi Hayim Halevy Donin, To Be a Jew, chapter on the home.",
        "text": "Rabbi Hayim Halevy Donin, To Be a Jew, chapter on the home."
      },
      {
        "type": "paragraph",
        "body": "Maurice Lamm, The Jewish Home.",
        "text": "Maurice Lamm, The Jewish Home."
      }
    ],
    "related": [
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        "href": "/articles/essentials-essential-questions-who-is-a-jew.json"
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        "slug": "essentials-essential-questions-what-does-judaism-teach-about-god",
        "title": "What Does Judaism Teach About God?",
        "href": "/articles/essentials-essential-questions-what-does-judaism-teach-about-god.json"
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        "href": "/articles/essentials-essential-questions-why-do-jews-not-believe-in-jesus.json"
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    ],
    "goDeeper": [
      {
        "slug": "going-deeper-deeper-judaica-sukkah",
        "title": "Sukkah",
        "level": "deeper",
        "href": "/articles/going-deeper-deeper-judaica-sukkah.json"
      },
      {
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      },
      {
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        "href": "/articles/going-deeper-deeper-judaica-hanukkiah-menorah.json"
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    ],
    "glossary": {
      "adonai": {
        "term": "Adonai",
        "hebrew": "אֲדֹנָי",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Literally 'my Lord' — the name of God traditionally spoken in prayer and Torah reading in place of the four-letter divine name, which is never pronounced.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "ashkenazi": {
        "term": "Ashkenazi",
        "hebrew": "אשכנזי",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Describing Jews whose families trace to Central and Eastern Europe, and the customs, liturgy, and Hebrew pronunciation of those communities. The broad counterpart terms are Sephardi and Edot HaMizrach.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "devarim": {
        "term": "Devarim",
        "hebrew": "דְּבָרִים",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "The fifth book of the Torah — Deuteronomy — consisting of Moshe's farewell addresses. The name means 'words.'",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "eloheinu": {
        "term": "Eloheinu",
        "hebrew": "אֱלֹהֵינוּ",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "'Our God' — the possessive form of Elohim, familiar from the Shema and from the opening of nearly every blessing: 'Adonai Eloheinu, King of the universe.'",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "hashem": {
        "term": "Hashem",
        "hebrew": "הַשֵּׁם",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Literally \"the Name\" — the everyday reverent way Jews refer to God outside of prayer, avoiding casual use of the divine names.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "hasidism": {
        "term": "Hasidism",
        "hebrew": "חֲסִידוּת",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "The mystical revival movement founded by the Baal Shem Tov in 18th-century Eastern Europe, teaching that God can be served with joy in every act and every person. Its communities, each led by a Rebbe, remain a major force in Jewish life.",
        "moreSlug": "going-deeper-deeper-questions-hasidism-vs-mitnagdism"
      },
      "modern-orthodox": {
        "term": "Modern Orthodox",
        "hebrew": null,
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Modern Orthodoxy is the stream of Orthodox Judaism that combines full Halachic observance with active engagement in general society, secular education, and often Zionism — distinct from Haredi communities that maintain greater separation from the surrounding culture.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-judaica-kippah"
      },
      "orthodox-judaism": {
        "term": "Orthodox Judaism",
        "hebrew": null,
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Orthodox Judaism holds Halacha as fully binding and the Shulchan Aruch as its canonical code; it spans Haredi and Hasidic communities as well as Modern Orthodoxy, and is the starting point from which this Field Guide is written, even as it engages seriously with other denominations.",
        "moreSlug": "how-to-use-this-field-guide"
      },
      "rabbeinu-tam": {
        "term": "Rabbeinu Tam",
        "hebrew": "רבינו תם",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Rabbi Yaakov ben Meir (1100–1171), Rashi's grandson and the leading Tosafist of northern France, is best known today for his differing view — against Rashi's — on the internal order of the Torah passages inside tefillin, a disagreement some especially devout Jews resolve by wearing both traditions.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-judaica-tefillin"
      },
      "rashi": {
        "term": "Rashi",
        "hebrew": "רש״י",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (1040–1105) of Troyes, France, is the single most influential commentator on the Tanakh and the Talmud; his terse, page-anchoring commentary appears alongside almost every printed edition of both. A New Jew encounters Rashi constantly — in every Chumash, on every page of Talmud.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-judaica-mezuzah"
      },
      "reform-judaism": {
        "term": "Reform Judaism",
        "hebrew": null,
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Reform Judaism treats Halacha as a source of values and meaning rather than binding law, emphasizing individual autonomy, ethical monotheism, and tikkun olam; it was the first movement to fully recognize patrilineal descent and ordain women as rabbis.",
        "moreSlug": "how-to-use-this-field-guide"
      },
      "stam": {
        "term": "STaM",
        "hebrew": "סת״ם",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "An acronym for sifrei Torah, tefillin, and mezuzot — the sacred texts a sofer writes by hand on parchment, all governed by the same scribal laws.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "sephardi": {
        "term": "Sephardi",
        "hebrew": "סְפָרַדִּי",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "A Jew whose family traces to medieval Spain and Portugal — and, in common usage, to the broader communities of the Mediterranean and Middle East that follow Sephardic law and liturgy. The plural is Sephardim.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "shema": {
        "term": "Shema",
        "hebrew": "שְׁמַע",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "The central declaration of Jewish faith — 'Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our God, the Lord is One' — recited with its Torah paragraphs every morning and evening.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-prayers-the-shema"
      },
      "shulchan-aruch": {
        "term": "Shulchan Aruch",
        "hebrew": "שולחן ערוך",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Literally 'the set table' — the authoritative 16th-century code of Jewish law by Rabbi Yosef Karo, printed with the Ashkenazi glosses of Rabbi Moshe Isserles. It remains the baseline reference for halachic practice.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "talmud": {
        "term": "Talmud",
        "hebrew": "תלמוד",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "The vast rabbinic work — the Mishnah together with the Gemara's discussion of it — that develops the Oral Torah into Jewish law and thought. It is the central text of Jewish study after the Bible itself.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-facts-the-talmud-in-one-article"
      },
      "torah": {
        "term": "Torah",
        "hebrew": "תּוֹרָה",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "The Five Books of Moses — the scroll at the center of Jewish life — and, more broadly, the whole of Jewish teaching. 'Learning Torah' can mean anything from Chumash to Talmud.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "tur": {
        "term": "Tur",
        "hebrew": "טור",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "The Arba'ah Turim ('Four Rows'), Rabbi Yaakov ben Asher's 14th-century code of Jewish law, whose four-part structure the Shulchan Aruch adopted.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "vahavta": {
        "term": "V'Ahavta",
        "hebrew": "ואהבת",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "'And you shall love' — the paragraph following the Shema's opening line (Devarim 6:5–9), commanding love of God, teaching one's children, tefillin, and the mezuzah.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "vhaya-im-shamoa": {
        "term": "V'haya im shamoa",
        "hebrew": "והיה אם שמע",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "'And it shall be, if you listen' — the second paragraph of the Shema (Devarim 11:13–21), linking Israel's faithfulness with the land's rain and produce; it is also written inside the mezuzah.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "yosef-karo": {
        "term": "Yosef Karo",
        "hebrew": "יוסף קארו",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Rabbi Yosef Karo (1488–1575), a Spanish exile who settled in Safed, authored the Shulchan Aruch (1565), the code of Jewish law that remains authoritative in Orthodox and, with adaptation, Conservative practice today.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-questions-what-is-halacha"
      },
      "klaf": {
        "term": "klaf",
        "hebrew": "קְלָף",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Parchment prepared from animal hide to exacting standards, on which a scribe writes Torah scrolls, tefillin, mezuzot, and megillot.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "kosher": {
        "term": "kosher",
        "hebrew": "כָּשֵׁר",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Fit or proper according to Jewish law — said mostly of food, but equally of a Torah scroll, a sukkah, or anything else that meets halachic requirements.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-facts-kashrut-the-basics"
      },
      "mezuzah": {
        "term": "mezuzah",
        "hebrew": "מְזוּזָה",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "A small parchment scroll containing passages of the Shema, placed in a case and affixed to the doorposts of a Jewish home, fulfilling the Torah's command to write God's words 'on the doorposts of your house.'",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-judaica-mezuzah"
      },
      "mitzvah": {
        "term": "mitzvah",
        "hebrew": "מִצְוָה",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "A commandment — one of the Torah's 613 divine instructions, and by extension any religious duty or good deed. The plural is mitzvot.",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-facts-the-613-mitzvot"
      },
      "sofer": {
        "term": "sofer",
        "hebrew": "סופר",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "A scribe trained to write Torah scrolls, tefillin, mezuzot, and megillot by hand on parchment, following exacting halachic rules.",
        "moreSlug": null
      },
      "tefillin": {
        "term": "tefillin",
        "hebrew": "תפילין",
        "translit": null,
        "definition": "Two small leather boxes containing Torah passages, bound with straps on the arm and head during weekday morning prayer, fulfilling the command to bind God's words 'as a sign upon your hand.'",
        "moreSlug": "essentials-essential-judaica-tefillin"
      }
    }
  },
  "links": [
    {
      "rel": "parent",
      "title": "Jewish Living",
      "href": "/sections/jewish-living.json"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "title": "Who is a Jew?",
      "href": "/articles/essentials-essential-questions-who-is-a-jew.json"
    },
    {
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      "title": "What Does Judaism Teach About God?",
      "href": "/articles/essentials-essential-questions-what-does-judaism-teach-about-god.json"
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