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Principles of Rabbi Yishmael, pages 56-57, with pointed Hebrew, English, and transliteration.

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Morning Prayers

Principles of Rabbi Yishmael 56-57 112-113

שחרית sha|cha|RIT sha|ḥa|RITH sha|ḥa|RIT sha|cha|RIS Shaharit

ברייתא דרבי ישמעאל ba|ray|y|TA d'ra|BI yish|ma-EIL ba|ray|y|THAʾ de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEʾL ba|ray|y|TA de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEL bo|ray|y|SO d'ra|BI yish|mo-EIL Principles of Rabbi Yishmael 56-57

heading ברייתא דרבי ישמעאל ba|ray|y|TA d'ra|BI yish|ma-EIL ba|ray|y|THAʾ de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEʾL ba|ray|y|TA de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEL bo|ray|y|SO d'ra|BI yish|mo-EIL THE INTERPRETIVE PRINCIPLES OF RABBI YISHMAEL Passage רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: בִּשְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִדּוֹת הַתּוֹרָה נִדְרֶשֶׁת א מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר ב וּמִגְּזֵרָה שָׁוָה ג מִבִּנְיַן אָב מִכָּתוּב אֶחָד, וּמִבִּנְיַן אָב מִשְּׁנֵי כְתוּבִים ד מִכְּלָל וּפְרָט ה מִפְּרָט וּכְלָל ו כְּלָל וּפְרָט וּכְלָל, אִי אַתָּה דָן אֶלָּא כְּעֵין הַפְּרָט ז מִכְּלָל שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִפְרָט, וּמִפְּרָט שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִכְלָל ח כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל וְיָצָא מִן הַכְּלָל לְלַמֵּד לֹא לְלַמֵּד עַל עַצְמוֹ יָצָא, אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ יָצָא ט כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִטְעֹן טַעַן אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא כְעִנְיָנוֹ יָצָא לְהָקֵל וְלֹא לְהַחֲמִיר י כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִטְעֹן טַעַן אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא כְעִנְיָנוֹ יָצָא לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר יא כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִדּוֹן בַּדָּבָר הֶחָדָשׁ אִי אַתָּה יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירוֹ לִכְלָלוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶנּוּ הַכָּתוּב לִכְלָלוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ יב דָּבָר הַלָּמֵד מֵעִנְיָנוֹ, וְדָבָר הַלָּמֵד מִסּוֹפוֹ יג וְכֵן שְׁנֵי כְתוּבִים הַמַּכְחִישִׁים זֶה אֶת זֶה עַד שֶׁיָּבוֹא הַכָּתוּב הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וְיַכְרִיעַ בֵּינֵיהֶם. ra|BI yish|ma-EIL o|MER: bish|LOSH es|REH mi|DOT ha|to|RAH nid|RE|shet א mi|KAL va|CHO|mer ב u|mig|ze|RAH sha|VAH ג mi|bin|YAN av mi|ka|TUV e|CHAD, u|mi|bin|YAN av mish|NEI ch'tu|VIM ד mik|LAL uf|RAT ה mip|RAT uch|LAL ו k'LAL uf|RAT uch|LAL, i a|TAH dan e|LA ke-EIN hap|RAT ז mik|LAL she|HU tza|RICH lif|RAT, u|mip|RAT she|HU tza|RICH lich|LAL ח kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL ve|ya|TZA min hak|LAL le|la|MED lo le|la|MED al atz|MO ya|TZA, e|LA le|la|MED al hak|LAL ku|LO ya|TZA ט kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ON ta-AN e|CHAD she|HU che-in|ya|NO ya|TZA le|ha|KEL ve|LO le|ha|cha|MIR י kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ON ta-AN a|CHER she|LO che-in|ya|NO ya|TZA le|ha|KEL u|le|ha|cha|MIR יא kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL, ve|ya|TZA li|DON ba|da|VAR he|cha|DASH i a|TAH ya|CHOL le|ha|cha|zi|RO lich|la|LO ad she|ya|cha|zi|RE|nu ha|ka|TUV lich|la|LO b'fe|RUSH יב da|VAR ha|la|MED me-in|ya|NO, ve|da|VAR ha|la|MED mi|so|FO יג ve|CHEN sh'NEI ch'tu|VIM ha|mach|chi|SHIM zeh et zeh ad she|ya|VO ha|ka|TUV hash|li|SHI ve|yach|RIA bei|nei|HEM. rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEʾL ʾo|MER: bish|LOSH ʿeś|REH mid|DOTH hat|to|RAH nidh|RE|sheth א miq|QAL va|ḥO|mer ב u|mig|ge|ze|RAH sha|VAH ג mib|bin|YAN ʾav mik|ka|THUV ʾe|ḥADH, u|mib|bin|YAN ʾav mis|she|NE khe|thu|VIM ד mik|ke|LAL u|fe|RAṭ ה mip|pe|RAṭ u|khe|LAL ו ke|LAL u|fe|RAṭ u|khe|LAL, ʾi ʾat|TAH dhan ʾel|LAʾ ke|ʿEN hap|pe|RAṭ ז mik|ke|LAL she|HUʾ tza|RIKH lif|RAṭ, u|mip|pe|RAṭ she|HUʾ tza|RIKH likh|LAL ח kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL ve|ya|TZAʾ min hak|ke|LAL le|lam|MEDH loʾ le|lam|MEDH ʿal ʿatz|MO ya|TZAʾ, ʾel|LAʾ le|lam|MEDH ʿal hak|ke|LAL kul|LO ya|TZAʾ ט kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZAʾ liṭ|ʿON ṭa|ʿAN ʾe|ḥADH she|HUʾ khe|ʿin|ya|NO ya|TZAʾ le|ha|QEL ve|LOʾ le|ha|ḥa|MIR י kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZAʾ liṭ|ʿON ṭa|ʿAN ʾa|ḥER shel|LOʾ khe|ʿin|ya|NO ya|TZAʾ le|ha|QEL u|le|ha|ḥa|MIR יא kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZAʾ lid|DON bad|da|VAR he|ḥa|DHASH ʾi ʾat|TAH ya|KHOL le|ha|ḥa|zi|RO likh|la|LO ʿadh shey|ya|ḥa|zi|REN|nu hak|ka|THUV likh|la|LO be|fe|RUSH יב da|VAR hal|la|MEDH me|ʿin|ya|NO, ve|dha|VAR hal|la|MEDH mis|so|FO יג ve|KHEN she|NE khe|thu|VIM ham|makh|ḥi|SHIM zeh ʾeth zeh ʿadh shey|ya|VOʾ hak|ka|THUV has|she|li|SHI ve|yakh|RIAʿ be|ne|HEM. rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEL o|MER: bish|LOSH ʿes|REH mid|DOT hat|to|RAH nid|RE|shet א miq|QAL va|ḥO|mer ב u|mig|ge|ze|RAH sha|VAH ג mib|bin|YAN av mik|ka|TUV e|ḥAD, u|mib|bin|YAN av mis|she|NE khe|tu|VIM ד mik|ke|LAL u|fe|RAT ה mip|pe|RAT u|khe|LAL ו ke|LAL u|fe|RAT u|khe|LAL, i at|TAH dan el|LA ke|ʿEN hap|pe|RAT ז mik|ke|LAL she|HU tza|RIKH lif|RAT, u|mip|pe|RAT she|HU tza|RIKH likh|LAL ח kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL ve|ya|TZA min hak|ke|LAL le|lam|MED lo le|lam|MED ʿal ʿatz|MO ya|TZA, el|LA le|lam|MED ʿal hak|ke|LAL kul|LO ya|TZA ט kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ʿON ta|ʿAN e|ḥAD she|HU khe|ʿin|ya|NO ya|TZA le|ha|QEL ve|LO le|ha|ḥa|MIR י kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ʿON ta|ʿAN a|ḥER shel|LO khe|ʿin|ya|NO ya|TZA le|ha|QEL u|le|ha|ḥa|MIR יא kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lid|DON bad|da|VAR he|ḥa|DASH i at|TAH ya|KHOL le|ha|ḥa|zi|RO likh|la|LO ʿad shey|ya|ḥa|zi|REN|nu hak|ka|TUV likh|la|LO be|fe|RUSH יב da|VAR hal|la|MED me|ʿin|ya|NO, ve|da|VAR hal|la|MED mis|so|FO יג ve|KHEN she|NE khe|tu|VIM ham|makh|ḥi|SHIM zeh et zeh ʿad shey|ya|VO hak|ka|TUV has|she|li|SHI ve|yakh|RIAʿ be|ne|HEM. ra|BI yish|mo-EIL oy|MEIR: bish|LOYSH es|REIH mi|DOYS ha|toy|ROH nid|RE|shes א mi|KAL vo|CHOY|mer ב u|mig'|zei|ROH sho|VOH ג mi|bin|YAN ov mi|ko|SUV e|CHOD, u|mi|bin|YAN ov mish'|NEI ch'su|VIM ד mik'|LOL uf'|ROT ה mip'|ROT uch'|LOL ו k'LOL uf'|ROT uch'|LOL, i a|TOH don e|LO k'EIN hap'|ROT ז mik'|LOL she|HU tzo|RICH lif|ROT, u|mip'|ROT she|HU tzo|RICH lich|LOL ח kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL v'yo|TZO min hak'|LOL l'la|MEID loy l'la|MEID al atz|MOY yo|TZO, e|LO l'la|MEID al hak'|LOL ku|LOY yo|TZO ט kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL, v'yo|TZO lit|OYN ta-AN e|CHOD she|HU ch'in|yo|NOY yo|TZO l'ho|KEIL v'LOY l'ha|cha|MIR י kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL, v'yo|TZO lit|OYN ta-AN a|CHEIR she|LOY ch'in|yo|NOY yo|TZO l'ho|KEIL ul'|ha|cha|MIR יא kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL, v'yo|TZO li|DOYN ba|do|VOR he|cho|DOSH i a|TOH yo|CHOYL l'ha|cha|zi|ROY lich|lo|LOY ad she|ya|cha|zi|RE|nu ha|ko|SUV lich|lo|LOY b'fei|RUSH יב do|VOR ha|lo|MEID mei-in|yo|NOY, v'do|VOR ha|lo|MEID mi|soy|FOY יג v'CHEIN sh'NEI ch'su|VIM ha|mach|chi|SHIM zeh es zeh ad she|yo|VOY ha|ko|SUV hash'|li|SHI v'yach|RIA bei|nei|HEM. Rabbi Yishmael says: The Torah is expounded by thirteen principles: 1. An inference from a lenient law to a strict one, and vice versa. 2. An inference drawn from identical words in two passages. 3. A general principle derived from one text or two related texts. 4. A general law followed by specific examples [where the law applies exclusively to those examples]. 5. A specific example followed by a general law [where the law applies to everything implied in the general statement]. 6. A general law followed by specific examples and concluding with a general law: here you may infer only cases similar to the examples. 7. When a general statement requires clarification by a specific example, or a specific example requires clarification by a general statement [then rules 4 and 5 do not apply]. 8. When a particular case, already included in the general statement, is expressly mentioned to teach something new, that special provision applies to all other cases included in the general statement. 9. When a particular case, though included in the general statement, is expressly mentioned with a provision similar to the general law, such a case is singled out to lessen the severity of the law, not to increase it. 10. When a particular case, though included in the general statement, is explicitly mentioned with a provision differing from the general law, it is singled out to lessen in some respects, and in others to increase, the severity of the law. 11. When a particular case, though included in the general statement, is explicitly mentioned with a new provision, the terms of the general statement no longer apply to it, unless Scripture indicates explicitly that they do apply. 12. A matter elucidated from its context, or from the following passage. 13. Also, when two passages [seem to] contradict each other, [they are to be elucidated by] a third passage that reconciles them. Passage יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ, יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ, שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בִּמְהֵרָה בְיָמֵינוּ, וְתֵן חֶלְקֵנוּ בְּתוֹרָתֶךָ, וְשָׁם נַעֲבָדְךָ בְּיִרְאָה כִּימֵי עוֹלָם וּכְשָׁנִים קַדְמוֹנִיּוֹת. ye|HI ra|TZON mi|le|fa|NE|cha, a|do|NAI e|lo|HEI|nu vei|lo|HEI a|vo|TEI|nu, she|yi|ba|NEH beit ha|mik|DASH bim|he|RAH v'ya|MEI|nu, ve|TEN chel|KE|nu b'to|ra|TE|cha, ve|SHAM na-a|vad|CHA b'yir|AH ki|MEI o|LAM uch|sha|NIM kad|mo|ni|YOT. ye|HI ra|TZON mil|le|fa|NE|kha, a|do|NAI ʾe|lo|HE|nu veʾ|lo|HE ʾa|vo|THE|nu, shey|yib|ba|NEH beth ham|miq|DASH bim|he|RAH ve|ya|ME|nu, ve|THEN ḥel|QE|nu be|tho|ra|THE|kha, ve|SHAM na|ʿa|va|dhe|KHA be|yir|ʾAH ki|ME ʿo|LAM u|khe|sha|NIM qadh|mo|niy|YOTH. ye|HI ra|TZON mil|le|fa|NE|kha, a|do|NAI e|lo|HE|nu ve|lo|HE a|vo|TE|nu, shey|yib|ba|NEH bet ham|miq|DASH bim|he|RAH ve|ya|ME|nu, ve|TEN ḥel|QE|nu be|to|ra|TE|kha, ve|SHAM na|ʿa|va|de|KHA be|yir|AH ki|ME ʿo|LAM u|khe|sha|NIM qad|mo|niy|YOT. y'HI ro|TZOYN mil'|fo|NE|cho, a|do|NOY e|loy|HEI|nu vei|loy|HEI a|voy|SEI|nu, she|yi|bo|NEH beis ha|mik|DOSH bim|hei|ROH v'yo|MEI|nu, v'SEIN chel|KEI|nu b'soy|ro|SE|cho, v'SHOM na-a|vod'|CHO b'yir|OH ki|MEI oy|LOM uch'|sho|NIM kad|moy|ni|YOYS. May it be Your will, LORD our God and God of our ancestors, that the Temple be speedily rebuilt in our days, and grant us our share in Your Torah. And may we serve You there in reverence, as in the days of old and as in former years. parent /siddur/koren-shalem.xml prev /siddur/koren-shalem/110-111-54-55-morning-prayers-offerings.xml next /siddur/koren-shalem/114-115-58-59-morning-prayers-the-rabbis-kaddish.xml