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  <title>Ethics of the Fathers</title>
  <summary>Ethics of the Fathers, pages 712-713, with pointed Hebrew, English, and transliteration.</summary>
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    <book>
      <slug>koren-shalem</slug>
      <title>Koren Shalem Siddur</title>
      <nusach>Sepharad</nusach>
    </book>
    <page>
      <slug>784-785-712-713-minha-for-shabbat-ethics-of-the-fathers</slug>
      <section>Minha for Shabbat</section>
      <topic>Ethics of the Fathers</topic>
      <printPages>712-713</printPages>
      <pdfPages>784-785</pdfPages>
      <header>
        <section>
          <hebrew>מנחה לשבת</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>min|CHAH le|sha|BAT</israeli>
            <orthographic>min|ḥAH le|shab|BATH</orthographic>
            <sephardic>min|ḥAH le|shab|BAT</sephardic>
            <chabad>min|CHOH l&apos;sha|BOS</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Minha for Shabbat</english>
        </section>
        <topic>
          <hebrew>פרקי אבות - פרק א</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>pir|KEI a|VOT - PE|rek א</israeli>
            <orthographic>pir|QE ʾa|VOTH - PE|req א</orthographic>
            <sephardic>pir|QE a|VOT - PE|req א</sephardic>
            <chabad>pir|KEI o|VOYS - PE|rek א</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Ethics of the Fathers</english>
        </topic>
        <printPages>712-713</printPages>
      </header>
      <body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>הִלֵּל וְשַׁמַּאי קִבְּלוּ מֵהֶם. הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר: הֱוֵי מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, אוֹהֵב שָׁלוֹם
וְרוֹדֵף שָׁלוֹם, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת וּמְקָרְבָן לַתּוֹרָה.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>hi|LEL ve|sha|MAI kib|LU me|HEM. hi|LEL o|MER: he|VEI mi|tal|mi|DAV shel a|ha|RON, o|HEV sha|LOM
ve|ro|DEF sha|LOM, o|HEV et hab|ri|YOT u|me|ka|re|VAN la|to|RAH.</israeli>
            <orthographic>hil|LEL ve|sham|MAIʾ qib|be|LU me|HEM. hil|LEL ʾo|MER: he|VE mit|tal|mi|DHAV shel ʾa|ha|RON, ʾo|HEV sha|LOM
ve|ro|DHEF sha|LOM, ʾo|HEV ʾeth hab|be|riy|YOTH u|me|qa|re|VAN lat|to|RAH.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>hil|LEL ve|sham|MAI qib|be|LU me|HEM. hil|LEL o|MER: he|VE mit|tal|mi|DAV shel a|ha|RON, o|HEV sha|LOM
ve|ro|DEF sha|LOM, o|HEV et hab|be|riy|YOT u|me|qa|re|VAN lat|to|RAH.</sephardic>
            <chabad>hi|LEIL v&apos;sha|MAI kib&apos;|LU mei|HEM. hi|LEIL oy|MEIR: he|VEI mi|tal|mi|DOV shel a|ha|ROYN, oy|HEIV sho|LOYM
v&apos;roy|DEIF sho|LOYM, oy|HEIV es hab&apos;|ri|YOYS um&apos;|kor&apos;|VON la|toy|ROH.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Hillel and Shammai received [the tradition] from them. Hillel said: Be among the disciples of Aaron, loving peace and pursuing peace, loving people and drawing them close to the Torah.</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר: נְגַד שְׁמָא אֲבַד שְׁמֵהּ, וּדְלָא מוֹסִיף יָסוּף, וּדְלָא יָלֵף קְטָלָא
חַיָּב, וּדְאִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּתַגָּא חָלֵף.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>hu ha|YAH o|MER: ne|GAD sh&apos;MA a|VAD sh&apos;MEH, ud|LA mo|SIF ya|SUF, ud|LA ya|LEF k&apos;ta|LA
cha|YAV, u|de-ish|ta|MESH b&apos;ta|GA cha|LEF.</israeli>
            <orthographic>huʾ ha|YAH ʾo|MER: ne|GHADH she|MAʾ ʾa|VADH she|MEH, u|dhe|LAʾ mo|SIF ya|SUF, u|dhe|LAʾ ya|LEF qe|ṭa|LAʾ
ḥay|YAV, u|dhe|ʾish|tam|MESH be|thag|GAʾ ḥa|LEF.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>hu ha|YAH o|MER: ne|GAD she|MA a|VAD she|MEH, u|de|LA mo|SIF ya|SUF, u|de|LA ya|LEF qe|ta|LA
ḥay|YAV, u|de|ish|tam|MESH be|tag|GA ḥa|LEF.</sephardic>
            <chabad>hu ho|YOH oy|MEIR: n&apos;GAD sh&apos;MO a|VAD sh&apos;MEIH, ud&apos;|LO moy|SIF yo|SUF, ud&apos;|LO yo|LEIF k&apos;to|LO
cha|YOV, ud&apos;-ish|ta|MEISH b&apos;sa|GO cho|LEIF.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>He used to say: A name made great is a name destroyed. He who does not increase [his knowledge] loses it. He who does not study deserves to die, and he who makes worldly use of the crown [of Torah] passes away.</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר: אִם אֵין אֲנִי לִי מִי לִי, וּכְשֶׁאֲנִי לְעַצְמִי מָה אֲנִי, וְאִם לֹא
עַכְשָׁו אֵימָתָי.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>hu ha|YAH o|MER: im ein a|NI li mi li, uch|she-a|NI le-atz|MI mah a|NI, ve-IM lo
ach|SHAV ei|ma|TAI.</israeli>
            <orthographic>huʾ ha|YAH ʾo|MER: ʾim ʾen ʾa|NI li mi li, u|khe|she|ʾa|NI le|ʿatz|MI mah ʾa|NI, ve|ʾIM loʾ
ʿakh|SHAV ʾe|ma|THAI.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>hu ha|YAH o|MER: im en a|NI li mi li, u|khe|she|a|NI le|ʿatz|MI mah a|NI, ve|IM lo
ʿakh|SHAV e|ma|TAI.</sephardic>
            <chabad>hu ho|YOH oy|MEIR: im ein a|NI li mi li, uch&apos;|she-a|NI l&apos;atz|MI moh a|NI, v&apos;IM loy
ach|SHOV ei|mo|SOY.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>He used to say: If I am not for myself, who will be for me? And if I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now, when?</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר: עֲשֵׂה תוֹרָתְךָ קֶבַע, אֱמֹר מְעַט וַעֲשֵׂה הַרְבֵּה, וֶהֱוֵי מְקַבֵּל אֶת
כָּל הָאָדָם בְּסֵבֶר פָּנִים יָפוֹת.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>sha|MAI o|MER: a|SEH to|rat|CHA KE|va, e|MOR me-AT va-a|SEH har|BEH, ve|he|VEI me|ka|BEL et
kol ha-a|DAM b&apos;SE|ver pa|NIM ya|FOT.</israeli>
            <orthographic>sham|MAIʾ ʾo|MER: ʿa|śEH tho|ra|the|KHA QE|vaʿ, ʾe|MOR me|ʿAṭ va|ʿa|śEH har|BEH, ve|he|VE me|qab|BEL ʾeth
kol ha|ʾa|DHAM be|SE|ver pa|NIM ya|FOTH.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>sham|MAI o|MER: ʿa|SEH to|ra|te|KHA QE|vaʿ, e|MOR me|ʿAT va|ʿa|SEH har|BEH, ve|he|VE me|qab|BEL et
kol ha|a|DAM be|SE|ver pa|NIM ya|FOT.</sephardic>
            <chabad>sha|MAI oy|MEIR: a|SEIH soy|ros&apos;|CHO KE|va, e|MOYR m&apos;AT va-a|SEIH har|BEIH, ve|he|VEI m&apos;ka|BEIL es
kol ho-o|DOM b&apos;SEI|ver po|NIM yo|FOYS.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Shammai used to say: Make your Torah study a fixed habit. Say little and do much; and greet everyone cheerfully.</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: עֲשֵׂה לְךָ רַב, וְהִסְתַּלֵּק מִן הַסָּפֵק, וְאַל תַּרְבֶּה לְעַשֵּׂר
אֻמָּדוֹת.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>ra|BAN gam|li-EL o|MER: a|SEH le|CHA rav, ve|his|ta|LEK min ha|sa|FEK, ve-AL tar|BEH le-a|SER
u|ma|DOT.</israeli>
            <orthographic>rab|BAN gam|li|ʾEL ʾo|MER: ʿa|śEH le|KHA rav, ve|his|tal|LEQ min has|sa|FEQ, ve|ʾAL tar|BEH le|ʿaś|śER
ʾum|ma|DHOTH.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>rab|BAN gam|li|EL o|MER: ʿa|SEH le|KHA rav, ve|his|tal|LEQ min has|sa|FEQ, ve|AL tar|BEH le|ʿas|SER
um|ma|DOT.</sephardic>
            <chabad>ra|BON gam|li-EIL oy|MEIR: a|SEIH l&apos;CHO rav, v&apos;his|ta|LEIK min ha|so|FEIK, v&apos;AL tar|BEH l&apos;a|SEIR
u|mo|DOYS.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Rabban Gamliel used to say: Get yourself a teacher, avoid doubt, and do not make a habit of giving tithes by guessing.</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>שִׁמְעוֹן בְּנוֹ אוֹמֵר: כָּל יָמַי גָּדַלְתִּי בֵין הַחֲכָמִים, וְלֹא מָצָאתִי לַגּוּף טוֹב מִשְּׁתִיקָה,
וְלֹא הַמִּדְרָשׁ עִקָּר אֶלָּא הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, וְכָל הַמַּרְבֶּה דְבָרִים מֵבִיא חֵטְא.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>shim|ON b&apos;NO o|MER: kol ya|MAI ga|DAL|ti vein ha|cha|cha|MIM, ve|LO ma|tza|TI la|GUF tov mish|ti|KAH,
ve|LO ha|mid|RASH i|KAR e|LA ha|ma-a|SEH, ve|CHOL ha|mar|BEH d&apos;va|RIM me|VI chet.</israeli>
            <orthographic>shim|ʿON be|NO ʾo|MER: kol ya|MAI ga|DHAL|ti ven ha|ḥa|kha|MIM, ve|LOʾ ma|tzaʾ|THI lag|GUF ṭov mis|she|thi|QAH,
ve|LOʾ ham|midh|RASH ʿiq|QAR ʾel|LAʾ ham|ma|ʿa|śEH, ve|KHOL ham|mar|BEH dhe|va|RIM me|VIʾ ḥeṭʾ.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>shim|ʿON be|NO o|MER: kol ya|MAI ga|DAL|ti ven ha|ḥa|kha|MIM, ve|LO ma|tza|TI lag|GUF tov mis|she|ti|QAH,
ve|LO ham|mid|RASH ʿiq|QAR el|LA ham|ma|ʿa|SEH, ve|KHOL ham|mar|BEH de|va|RIM me|VI ḥet.</sephardic>
            <chabad>shim|OYN b&apos;NOY oy|MEIR: kol yo|MAI go|DAL|ti vein ha|cha|cho|MIM, v&apos;LOY mo|tzo|SI la|GUF toyv mish&apos;|si|KOH,
v&apos;LOY ha|mid|ROSH i|KOR e|LO ha|ma-a|SEH, v&apos;CHOL ha|mar|BEH d&apos;vo|RIM mei|VI cheit.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Shimon, his son, used to say: All my life I grew up among sages and I found nothing is better for a person than silence. Not learning but doing is the main thing; and one who talks too much causes sin.</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים הָעוֹלָם קַיָּם, עַל הַדִּין,
וְעַל הָאֱמֶת, וְעַל הַשָּׁלוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֱמֶת וּמִשְׁפַּט שָׁלוֹם שִׁפְטוּ בְּשַׁעֲרֵיכֶם:</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>ra|BAN shim|ON ben gam|li-EL o|MER: al sh&apos;lo|SHAH d&apos;va|RIM ha-o|LAM ka|YAM, al ha|DIN,
ve-AL ha-e|MET, ve-AL ha|sha|LOM, she|ne-e|MAR: e|MET u|mish|PAT sha|LOM shif|TU b&apos;sha-a|rei|CHEM:</israeli>
            <orthographic>rab|BAN shim|ʿON ben gam|li|ʾEL ʾo|MER: ʿal she|lo|SHAH dhe|va|RIM ha|ʿo|LAM qay|YAM, ʿal had|DIN,
ve|ʿAL ha|ʾe|METH, ve|ʿAL has|sha|LOM, shen|ne|ʾe|MAR: ʾe|METH u|mish|PAṭ sha|LOM shif|ṭU be|sha|ʿa|re|KHEM:</orthographic>
            <sephardic>rab|BAN shim|ʿON ben gam|li|EL o|MER: ʿal she|lo|SHAH de|va|RIM ha|ʿo|LAM qay|YAM, ʿal had|DIN,
ve|ʿAL ha|e|MET, ve|ʿAL has|sha|LOM, shen|ne|e|MAR: e|MET u|mish|PAT sha|LOM shif|TU be|sha|ʿa|re|KHEM:</sephardic>
            <chabad>ra|BON shim|OYN ben gam|li-EIL oy|MEIR: al sh&apos;loy|SHOH d&apos;vo|RIM ho-oy|LOM ka|YOM, al ha|DIN,
v&apos;AL ho-e|MES, v&apos;AL ha|sho|LOYM, she|ne-e|MAR: e|MES u|mish|PAT sho|LOYM shif|TU b&apos;sha-a|rei|CHEM:</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel used to say: On three things does the world stand – on truth, justice and peace, as it is said, “Administer truth and the judgment of peace in your gates.”</english>
          <citations>
            <citation>
              <type>Citation</type>
              <text>Zech. 8</text>
            </citation>
          </citations>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶן עֲקַשְׁיָא אוֹמֵר: רָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְזַכּוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ
הִרְבָּה לָהֶם תּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יְהֹוָה חָפֵץ לְמַעַן צִדְקוֹ, יַגְדִּיל תּוֹרָה וְיַאְדִּיר:</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>ra|BI cha|nan|YA ven a|kash|YA o|MER: ra|TZAH ha|ka|DOSH ba|RUCH hu le|za|KOT et yis|ra-EL, le|fi|CHACH
hir|BAH la|HEM to|RAH u|mitz|VOT. she|ne-e|MAR: a|do|NAI cha|FETZ le|MA-an tzid|KO, yag|DIL to|RAH ve|ya|DIR:</israeli>
            <orthographic>rab|BI ḥa|nan|YAʾ ven ʿa|qash|YAʾ ʾo|MER: ra|TZAH haq|qa|DHOSH ba|RUKH huʾ le|zak|KOTH ʾeth yiś|ra|ʾEL, le|fi|KHAKH
hir|BAH la|HEM to|RAH u|mitz|VOTH. shen|ne|ʾe|MAR: a|do|NAI ḥa|FETZ le|MA|ʿan tzidh|QO, yagh|DIL to|RAH ve|yaʾ|DIR:</orthographic>
            <sephardic>rab|BI ḥa|nan|YA ven ʿa|qash|YA o|MER: ra|TZAH haq|qa|DOSH ba|RUKH hu le|zak|KOT et yis|ra|EL, le|fi|KHAKH
hir|BAH la|HEM to|RAH u|mitz|VOT. shen|ne|e|MAR: a|do|NAI ḥa|FETZ le|MA|ʿan tzid|QO, yag|DIL to|RAH ve|ya|DIR:</sephardic>
            <chabad>ra|BI cha|nan|YO ven a|kash|YO oy|MEIR: ro|TZOH ha|ko|DOYSH bo|RUCH hu l&apos;za|KOYS es yis|ro-EIL, l&apos;fi|CHOCH
hir|BOH lo|HEM toy|ROH u|mitz|VOYS. she|ne-e|MAR: a|do|NOY cho|FEITZ l&apos;MA-an tzid|KOY, yag|DIL toy|ROH v&apos;ya|DIR:</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Rabbi Hananya ben Akashya said: The Holy One, blessed be He, wanted to confer merit on Israel. That is why He gave them a copious Torah and many commandments, as it is said, “It pleased the LORD, for the sake of [Israel’s] righteousness, to make the Torah great and glorious.”</english>
          <citations>
            <citation>
              <type>Citation</type>
              <text>Makkot 23b</text>
            </citation>
            <citation>
              <type>Citation</type>
              <text>Is. 42</text>
            </citation>
          </citations>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Instructions</type>
          <text>If there is a minyan, mourners say the Rabbis’ Kaddish (page 628).</text>
        </body>
      </body>
      <footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>away from situations in which you are called on to make a decision when the facts are unclear.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>Rabbi Hananya ben Akashya: This paragraph is not part of the Pirkei Avot but a liturgical addition. According to Maimonides, its implication is that “It is a fundamental principle of Jewish faith that if a person fulfills even one of the 613 mitzvot fully and properly, without ulterior motive but simply for its own sake and out of love, he merits a share in the World to Come. Therefore Rabbi Hananya teaches that there are so many mitzvot that it is impossible that a person should not have fulfilled at least one in the course of a lifetime, and thereby merits eternal life” (commentary on the Mishna Makkot 3:17). The statement of Rabbi Hananya thus complements the teaching recited at the beginning, that “All Israel have a share in the World to Come.”</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>1:13. A name made great: Those who take pride in fame will eventually lose it. He who does not study: life is learning, and learning is life. He who makes worldly use of the crown: Torah scholarship must never be used for personal advantage. It is for us to honor the Torah, and not use the Torah to honor ourselves.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>1:14. If I am not for myself: A succinct summary of Judaism’s philosophy of personal responsibility combined with social responsibility. If not now: a moment of opportunity, unseized, may never come again.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>1:16. Get yourself a teacher: As with Yehoshua ben Peraḥya’s teaching (above, 1:6), the emphasis is on the choice of one particular teacher as primary mentor and role model. Scholarship depends on discipleship. Avoid doubt: keep</text>
        </footer>
      </footer>
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