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  <url>https://staging.thenewjew.org/siddur/lev-shalem/lev-36-142-shabbat-and-festivals-morning-service-verses-of-song.xml</url>
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  <title>Verses of Song</title>
  <summary>Verses of Song, pages 142, with pointed Hebrew, English, and transliteration.</summary>
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      <title>Siddur Lev Shalem (Excerpts)</title>
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      <title>Verses of Song</title>
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  <data>
    <book>
      <slug>lev-shalem</slug>
      <title>Siddur Lev Shalem (Excerpts)</title>
      <nusach>Ashkenaz</nusach>
    </book>
    <page>
      <slug>lev-36-142-shabbat-and-festivals-morning-service-verses-of-song</slug>
      <section>Shabbat and Festivals - Morning Service</section>
      <topic>Verses of Song</topic>
      <printPages>142</printPages>
      <pdfPages>36</pdfPages>
      <header>
        <section>
          <hebrew>שחרית לשבת ויום טוב</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>sha|cha|RIT le|sha|BAT ve|YOM tov</israeli>
            <orthographic>sha|ḥa|RITH le|shab|BATH ve|YOM ṭov</orthographic>
            <sephardic>sha|ḥa|RIT le|shab|BAT ve|YOM tov</sephardic>
            <chabad>sha|cha|RIS l&apos;sha|BOS v&apos;YOYM toyv</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Shabbat and Festivals - Morning Service</english>
        </section>
        <topic>
          <hebrew>פסוקי דזמרא</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>p&apos;su|KEI d&apos;zim|RA</israeli>
            <orthographic>pe|su|QE dhe|zim|RAʾ</orthographic>
            <sephardic>pe|su|QE de|zim|RA</sephardic>
            <chabad>p&apos;su|KEI d&apos;zim|RO</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>Verses of Song</english>
        </topic>
        <printPages>142</printPages>
      </header>
      <body>
        <body>
          <type>Instructions</type>
          <text>It is customary to stand through the bottom of page 144.</text>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>heading</type>
          <hebrew></hebrew>
          <transliteration/>
          <english>DAVID’S FINAL PRAYER</english>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>וַיְבָרֶךְ דָּוִיד אֶת־יְהוָה לְעֵינֵי כָּל־הַקָּהָל וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִיד׃
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָבִינוּ, מֵעוֹלָם וְעַד
עוֹלָם. לְךָ יְהוָה הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת וְהַנֵּצַח
וְהַהוֹד, כִּי כֹל בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ, לְךָ יְהוָה הַמַּמְלָכָה
וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂא לְכֹל לְרֹאשׁ. וְהָעֹשֶׁר וְהַכָּבוֹד מִלְּפָנֶיךָ,
וְאַתָּה מוֹשֵׁל בַּכֹּל, וּבְיָדְךָ כֹּחַ וּגְבוּרָה, וּבְיָדְךָ לְגַדֵּל
וּלְחַזֵּק לַכֹּל. וְעַתָּה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מוֹדִים אֲנַחְנוּ לָךְ,
וּמְהַלְלִים לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּךָ׃</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>vay|va|RECH da|VID et-a|do|NAI le-ei|NEI kol-ha|ka|HAL va|YO|mer da|VID.
ba|RUCH a|TAH a|do|NAI e|lo|HEI yis|ra-EL a|vi|NU, me-o|LAM ve-AD
o|LAM. le|CHA a|do|NAI hag|du|LAH ve|hag|vu|RAH ve|ha|tif|e|RET ve|ha|ne|TZACH
ve|ha|HOD, ki chol ba|sha|MA|yim u|va-a|RETZ, le|CHA a|do|NAI ha|mam|la|CHAH
ve|ha|mit|na|SEI le|CHOL le|ROSH. ve|ha-o|SHER ve|ha|ka|VOD mi|le|fa|NE|cha,
ve-a|TAH mo|SHEL ba|KOL, uv|yad|CHA koach ug|vu|RAH, uv|yad|CHA le|ga|DEL
u|le|cha|ZEK la|KOL. ve-a|TAH e|lo|HEI|nu mo|DIM a|nach|NU lach,
u|me|ha|le|LIM le|SHEM tif|ar|TE|cha.</israeli>
            <orthographic>va|ye|va|REKH da|VIDH ʾeth-a|do|NAI le|ʿe|NE kol-haq|qa|HAL vay|YOʾ|mer da|VIDH.
ba|RUKH ʾat|TAH a|do|NAI ʾe|lo|HE yiś|ra|ʾEL ʾa|vi|NU, me|ʿo|LAM ve|ʿADH
ʿo|LAM. le|KHA a|do|NAI hag|ge|dhul|LAH ve|hag|ge|vu|RAH ve|hat|tif|ʾe|RETH ve|han|ne|TZAḥ
ve|ha|HODH, ki khol bas|sha|MA|yim u|va|ʾa|RETZ, le|KHA a|do|NAI ham|mam|la|KHAH
ve|ham|mith|naś|śEʾ le|KHOL le|ROʾSH. ve|ha|ʿo|SHER ve|hak|ka|VODH mil|le|fa|NE|kha,
ve|ʾat|TAH mo|SHEL bak|KOL, u|ve|ya|dhe|KHA koaḥ u|ghe|vu|RAH, u|ve|ya|dhe|KHA le|ghad|DEL
u|le|ḥaz|ZEQ lak|KOL. ve|ʿat|TAH ʾe|lo|HE|nu mo|DHIM ʾa|naḥ|NU lakh,
u|me|ha|le|LIM le|SHEM tif|ʾar|TE|kha.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>va|ye|va|REKH da|VID et-a|do|NAI le|ʿe|NE kol-haq|qa|HAL vay|YO|mer da|VID.
ba|RUKH at|TAH a|do|NAI e|lo|HE yis|ra|EL a|vi|NU, me|ʿo|LAM ve|ʿAD
ʿo|LAM. le|KHA a|do|NAI hag|ge|dul|LAH ve|hag|ge|vu|RAH ve|hat|tif|e|RET ve|han|ne|TZAḥ
ve|ha|HOD, ki khol bas|sha|MA|yim u|va|a|RETZ, le|KHA a|do|NAI ham|mam|la|KHAH
ve|ham|mit|nas|SE le|KHOL le|ROSH. ve|ha|ʿo|SHER ve|hak|ka|VOD mil|le|fa|NE|kha,
ve|at|TAH mo|SHEL bak|KOL, u|ve|ya|de|KHA koaḥ u|ge|vu|RAH, u|ve|ya|de|KHA le|gad|DEL
u|le|ḥaz|ZEQ lak|KOL. ve|ʿat|TAH e|lo|HE|nu mo|DIM a|naḥ|NU lakh,
u|me|ha|le|LIM le|SHEM tif|ar|TE|kha.</sephardic>
            <chabad>vay&apos;|vo|RECH do|VID es-a|do|NOY l&apos;ei|NEI kol-ha|ko|HOL va|YOY|mer do|VID.
bo|RUCH a|TOH a|do|NOY e|loy|HEI yis|ro-EIL o|vi|NU, mei-oy|LOM v&apos;AD
oy|LOM. l&apos;CHO a|do|NOY hag&apos;|du|LOH v&apos;hag&apos;|vu|ROH v&apos;ha|tif|e|RES v&apos;ha|nei|TZACH
v&apos;ha|HOYD, ki choyl ba|sho|MA|yim u|vo-o|RETZ, l&apos;CHO a|do|NOY ha|mam|lo|CHOH
v&apos;ha|mis|na|SEI l&apos;CHOYL l&apos;ROYSH. v&apos;ho-oy|SHER v&apos;ha|ko|VOYD mil&apos;|fo|NE|cho,
v&apos;a|TOH moy|SHEIL ba|KOYL, uv&apos;|yod&apos;|CHO koyach ug&apos;|vu|ROH, uv&apos;|yod&apos;|CHO l&apos;ga|DEIL
ul&apos;|cha|ZEIK la|KOYL. v&apos;a|TOH e|loy|HEI|nu moy|DIM a|nach|NU loch,
um&apos;|hal&apos;|LIM l&apos;SHEIM tif|ar|TE|cho.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>David praised Adonai in the presence of all the assembled, saying: From the beginning of time to the end of time, blessed are You Adonai, God of our ancestor Israel. Yours, Adonai, is the greatness, the strength and the glory, the triumph and the splendor—for everything in heaven and on earth is Yours. Sovereignty is Yours; You are raised up above all. Wealth and honor come from You; You rule over all. In Your hands are strength and deliverance; it is in Your power to give strength to all and to make everything flourish. Now we thank You, our God, and celebrate Your glorious name.</english>
          <citations>
            <citation>
              <type>Citation</type>
              <text>1 Chronicles 29:10–13</text>
            </citation>
          </citations>
        </body>
        <body>
          <type>Passage</type>
          <hebrew>אַתָּה הוּא יְהוָה לְבַדֶּךָ, אַתָּה עָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם,
שְׁמֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם וְכָל־צְבָאָם, הָאָרֶץ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר עָלֶיהָ,
הַיַּמִּים וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, וְאַתָּה מְחַיֶּה אֶת־כֻּלָּם,
וּצְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם לְךָ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִים. אַתָּה הוּא יְהוָה
הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתָּ בְּאַבְרָם, וְהוֹצֵאתוֹ מֵאוּר כַּשְׂדִּים,
וְשַׂמְתָּ שְׁמוֹ אַבְרָהָם, וּמָצָאתָ אֶת־לְבָבוֹ נֶאֱמָן לְפָנֶיךָ׃
וְכָרוֹת עִמּוֹ הַבְּרִית לָתֵת אֶת־אֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי הַחִתִּי הָאֱמֹרִי
וְהַפְּרִזִּי וְהַיְבוּסִי וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁי לָתֵת לְזַרְעוֹ, וַתָּקֶם אֶת־דְּבָרֶיךָ
כִּי צַדִּיק אָתָּה. וַתֵּרֶא אֶת־עֳנִי אֲבֹתֵינוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם,
וְאֶת־זַעֲקָתָם שָׁמַעְתָּ עַל־יַם סוּף. וַתִּתֵּן אֹתֹת
וּמֹפְתִים בְּפַרְעֹה, וּבְכָל־עֲבָדָיו וּבְכָל־עַם אַרְצוֹ,
כִּי יָדַעְתָּ כִּי הֵזִידוּ עֲלֵיהֶם, וַתַּעַשׂ לְךָ שֵׁם כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה.
וְהַיָּם בָּקַעְתָּ לִפְנֵיהֶם וַיַּעַבְרוּ בְתוֹךְ הַיָּם בַּיַּבָּשָׁה,
וְאֶת־רֹדְפֵיהֶם הִשְׁלַכְתָּ בִמְצוֹלֹת, כְּמוֹ אֶבֶן בְּמַיִם עַזִּים.</hebrew>
          <transliteration>
            <israeli>a|TAH hu a|do|NAI le|va|DE|cha, a|TAH a|si|TA et-ha|sha|MA|yim,
sh&apos;MEI ha|sha|MA|yim ve|chol-tz&apos;va-AM, ha-a|RETZ ve|chol-a|SHER a|le|HA,
ha|ya|MIM ve|chol-a|SHER ba|HEM, ve-a|TAH me|cha|YEH et-ku|LAM,
utz|VA ha|sha|MA|yim le|CHA mish|ta|cha|VIM. a|TAH hu a|do|NAI
ha-e|lo|HIM a|SHER ba|CHAR|ta be-av|RAM, ve|ho|tzei|TO me|UR kas|DIM,
ve|SAM|ta sh&apos;MO av|ra|HAM, u|ma|tza|TA et-le|va|VO ne-e|MAN le|fa|NE|cha.
ve|cha|ROT i|MO hab|RIT la|TET et-E|retz hak|na-a|NI ha|CHI|ti ha-e|mo|RI
ve|hap|ri|ZI ve|hay|vu|SI ve|ha|gir|ga|SHI la|TET le|zar|O, va|ta|KEM et-d&apos;va|RE|cha
ki tza|DIK a|TAH. va|te|RE et-o|NI a|vo|TEI|nu b&apos;mitz|RA|yim,
ve-et-za-a|ka|TAM sha|MA|ta al-yam suf. va|ti|TEN o|TOT
u|mof|TIM b&apos;far|OH, uv|chol-a|va|DAV uv|chol-am ar|TZO,
ki ya|DA|ta ki he|zi|DU a|lei|HEM, va|ta-AS le|CHA shem ke|ha|YOM ha|ZEH.
ve|ha|YAM ba|KA|ta lif|nei|HEM va|ya-av|RU v&apos;TOCH ha|YAM ba|ya|ba|SHAH,
ve-et-rod|fei|HEM hish|LACH|ta vim|tzo|LOT, k&apos;MO E|ven b&apos;MA|yim a|ZIM.</israeli>
            <orthographic>ʾat|TAH huʾ a|do|NAI le|vad|DE|kha, ʾat|TAH ʿa|śi|THA ʾeth-has|sha|MA|yim,
she|ME has|sha|MA|yim ve|khol-tze|va|ʾAM, ha|ʾa|RETZ ve|khol-ʾa|SHER ʿa|le|HA,
hay|yam|MIM ve|khol-ʾa|SHER ba|HEM, ve|ʾat|TAH me|ḥay|YEH ʾeth-kul|LAM,
u|tze|VAʾ has|sha|MA|yim le|KHA mish|ta|ḥa|VIM. ʾat|TAH huʾ a|do|NAI
ha|ʾe|lo|HIM ʾa|SHER ba|ḥAR|ta be|ʾav|RAM, ve|ho|tzeʾ|THO me|ʾUR kaś|DIM,
ve|śAM|ta she|MO ʾav|ra|HAM, u|ma|tzaʾ|THA ʾeth-le|va|VO ne|ʾe|MAN le|fa|NE|kha.
ve|kha|ROTH ʿim|MO hab|be|RITH la|THETH ʾeth-ʾE|retz hak|ke|na|ʿa|NI ha|ḥIT|ti ha|ʾe|mo|RI
ve|hap|pe|riz|ZI ve|ha|ye|vu|SI ve|hag|gir|ga|SHI la|THETH le|zar|ʿO, vat|ta|QEM ʾeth-de|va|RE|kha
ki tzad|DIQ ʾat|TAH. vat|te|REʾ ʾeth-ʿo|NI ʾa|vo|THE|nu be|mitz|RA|yim,
ve|ʾeth-za|ʿa|qa|THAM sha|MAʿ|ta ʿal-yam suf. vat|tit|TEN ʾo|THOTH
u|mo|fe|THIM be|far|ʿOH, u|ve|khol-ʿa|va|DHAV u|ve|khol-ʿam ʾar|TZO,
ki ya|DHAʿ|ta ki he|zi|DHU ʿa|le|HEM, vat|ta|ʿAś le|KHA shem ke|hay|YOM haz|ZEH.
ve|hay|YAM ba|QAʿ|ta lif|ne|HEM vay|ya|ʿav|RU ve|THOKH hay|YAM bay|yab|ba|SHAH,
ve|ʾeth-ro|dhe|fe|HEM hish|LAKH|ta vim|tzo|LOTH, ke|MO ʾE|ven be|MA|yim ʿaz|ZIM.</orthographic>
            <sephardic>at|TAH hu a|do|NAI le|vad|DE|kha, at|TAH ʿa|si|TA et-has|sha|MA|yim,
she|ME has|sha|MA|yim ve|khol-tze|va|AM, ha|a|RETZ ve|khol-a|SHER ʿa|le|HA,
hay|yam|MIM ve|khol-a|SHER ba|HEM, ve|at|TAH me|ḥay|YEH et-kul|LAM,
u|tze|VA has|sha|MA|yim le|KHA mish|ta|ḥa|VIM. at|TAH hu a|do|NAI
ha|e|lo|HIM a|SHER ba|ḥAR|ta be|av|RAM, ve|ho|tze|TO me|UR kas|DIM,
ve|SAM|ta she|MO av|ra|HAM, u|ma|tza|TA et-le|va|VO ne|e|MAN le|fa|NE|kha.
ve|kha|ROT ʿim|MO hab|be|RIT la|TET et-E|retz hak|ke|na|ʿa|NI ha|ḥIT|ti ha|e|mo|RI
ve|hap|pe|riz|ZI ve|ha|ye|vu|SI ve|hag|gir|ga|SHI la|TET le|zar|ʿO, vat|ta|QEM et-de|va|RE|kha
ki tzad|DIQ at|TAH. vat|te|RE et-ʿo|NI a|vo|TE|nu be|mitz|RA|yim,
ve|et-za|ʿa|qa|TAM sha|MAʿ|ta ʿal-yam suf. vat|tit|TEN o|TOT
u|mo|fe|TIM be|far|ʿOH, u|ve|khol-ʿa|va|DAV u|ve|khol-ʿam ar|TZO,
ki ya|DAʿ|ta ki he|zi|DU ʿa|le|HEM, vat|ta|ʿAS le|KHA shem ke|hay|YOM haz|ZEH.
ve|hay|YAM ba|QAʿ|ta lif|ne|HEM vay|ya|ʿav|RU ve|TOKH hay|YAM bay|yab|ba|SHAH,
ve|et-ro|de|fe|HEM hish|LAKH|ta vim|tzo|LOT, ke|MO E|ven be|MA|yim ʿaz|ZIM.</sephardic>
            <chabad>a|TOH hu a|do|NOY l&apos;va|DE|cho, a|TOH o|si|SO es-ha|sho|MA|yim,
sh&apos;MEI ha|sho|MA|yim v&apos;chol-tz&apos;vo-OM, ho-o|RETZ v&apos;chol-a|SHER o|le|HO,
ha|ya|MIM v&apos;chol-a|SHER bo|HEM, v&apos;a|TOH m&apos;cha|YEH es-ku|LOM,
utz&apos;|VO ha|sho|MA|yim l&apos;CHO mish|ta|cha|VIM. a|TOH hu a|do|NOY
ho-e|loy|HIM a|SHER bo|CHAR|to b&apos;av|ROM, v&apos;hoy|tzei|SOY mei|UR kas|DIM,
v&apos;SAM|to sh&apos;MOY av|ro|HOM, u|mo|tzo|SO es-l&apos;vo|VOY ne-e|MON l&apos;fo|NE|cho.
v&apos;cho|ROYS i|MOY hab&apos;|RIS lo|SEIS es-E|retz hak&apos;|na-a|NI ha|CHI|ti ho-e|moy|RI
v&apos;hap&apos;|ri|ZI v&apos;hay&apos;|vu|SI v&apos;ha|gir|go|SHI lo|SEIS l&apos;zar|OY, va|to|KEM es-d&apos;vo|RE|cho
ki tza|DIK o|TOH. va|tei|RE es-o|NI a|voy|SEI|nu b&apos;mitz|RO|yim,
v&apos;es-za-a|ko|SOM sho|MA|to al-yam suf. va|ti|TEIN oy|SOYS
u|moyf&apos;|SIM b&apos;far|OYH, uv&apos;|chol-a|vo|DOV uv&apos;|chol-am ar|TZOY,
ki yo|DA|to ki hei|zi|DU a|lei|HEM, va|ta-AS l&apos;CHO sheim k&apos;ha|YOYM ha|ZEH.
v&apos;ha|YOM bo|KA|to lif|nei|HEM va|ya-av|RU v&apos;SOYCH ha|YOM ba|ya|bo|SHOH,
v&apos;es-royd&apos;|fei|HEM hish|LACH|to vim|tzoy|LOYS, k&apos;MOY E|ven b&apos;MA|yim a|ZIM.</chabad>
          </transliteration>
          <english>You, Adonai alone, are the God who formed the sky, the heavens above and all their hosts, the earth and everything upon it, the seas and all within them. You grant existence to everything; even the hosts of heaven need bow to You. You, Adonai, are God; it was You who chose Abram, took him out of Ur of the Chaldees, changed his name to Abraham, and found him faithful. You made a covenant with him, giving him the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to pass on to his descendants. You kept Your word, for You are righteous. You saw the suffering of our ancestors in Egypt and heard their cry at the Sea of Reeds. You confronted Pharaoh, his court, and the entire Egyptian nation with signs and wonders—for You knew how they had oppressed Your people, and in this way You are known to this day. You split the sea before our ancestors: they crossed on dry land, but their pursuers sank in the deep like stones in a raging sea.</english>
          <citations>
            <citation>
              <type>Citation</type>
              <text>Nehemiah 9:6–11</text>
            </citation>
          </citations>
        </body>
      </body>
      <footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>DAVID’S FINAL PRAYER. Originally, P’sukei D’zimra consisted only of selections from the Book of Psalms; later, a series of biblical prayers, beginning here and culminating with the Song at the Sea, was added. In these additions we re-experience our collective history: Abram’s leaving his home and setting out for an unknown destination, the exodus from Egypt, and the nation’s arrival in the promised land.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>DAVID PRAISED וַיְבָרֶךְ דָּוִיד. This passage from 1 Chronicles forms part of David’s last speech—his will and testament—as he hands his kingdom over to his son Solomon. Having just read selections from the psalms of David, we begin the closing section of P’sukei D’zimra, Verses of Song, with David’s own concluding words.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>BLESSED ARE YOU ADONAI בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהוָה. This is one of only two times that this phrase, which became the formula for all Jewish b’rakhot, is found in the Bible. (The other is Psalm 119:12.)</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>WE THANK YOU מוֹדִים אֲנַחְנוּ לָךְ. These became the first words of the second-to-last b’rakhah of the Amidah, in which we thank God for the gifts of life.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>YOU, ADONAI ALONE אַתָּה הוּא יְהוָה לְבַדֶּךָ. This prayer was recited in the Second Temple when the people, returning from exile, rededicated themselves under the guidance of Ezra and Nehemiah. With its recitation, each morning’s prayer is an act of rededication.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>CHANGED HIS NAME וְשַׂמְתָּ שְׁמוֹ. In Genesis 17:5 Abram’s name is changed to Abraham, meaning the “father of many nations,” as a sign of God’s promise that Sarah will bear a child, Isaac. The original name “Abram” may mean “the father [meaning Terah] is exalted.” A name change in the ancient world represented a change in status. (E. A. Speiser)</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>Commentary</type>
          <text>THE CANAANITES הַכְּנַעֲנִי. Listed here are six of the seven biblical nations that occupied the Land of Israel before the Israelite settlement.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>MarginNote</type>
          <text>From Individual to Community Awakening to a new day, we began by reciting modeh/modah ani, “I thank You,” in the singular. Now, at the conclusion of P’sukei D’zimra, our collective awareness and connection to each other has been truly “awakened” and so we can say modim anaḥnu lakh, “we thank You,” in the plural. We are thus ready for the formal call to prayer, Bar’khu (page 149), to which we respond as a community.</text>
        </footer>
        <footer>
          <type>MarginNote</type>
          <text>Changed His Name to Abraham According to the Babylonian Talmud (Berakhot 13a), Abraham’s name was changed because “in the beginning, he was a leader of Aram [i.e., av ram], and at the end, he was a leader of the whole world [avraham = av hamon, father of multitudes, Genesis 17:5].” The ancient rabbis taught that except when directly quoting Scripture, it is expressly forbidden to refer to Abraham by his former name. This is the import of God’s directive to change “Abram,” which signifies leadership of the single nation of Aram, to “Abraham,” father of a multitude of nations. God was saying to Abraham, “I have raised you beyond this norm of nationalism, which is but a convention and not true justice. Your heart should not be devoted exclusively to the benefit of Aram, but rather seek the peace of all God’s creations. Seek out the well-being of all.” Thus, “one who calls Abraham, ‘Abram,’ transgresses.” By doing so, one causes Israel to regress to a state of nationalism, which is no more than a collective form of egoism, and thus a transgression. —ABRAHAM ISAAC KOOK</text>
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